How could the use of anti-inflammatory drugs in cattle lead to 1) the collapse of vulture populations across India and 2) an increase in rabies cases? Well this is a perfect example of one health, and highlights the importance of considering humans, animals and the environment as one. Vultures provide an essential service, scavenging carrion and cleaning up livestock carcasses across India. Widespread use of diclofenac in the 1990s has resulted in a dramatic 95% decline in the vulture population. This has left carcasses for stray dogs to consume, leading to a steady rise in the number of stray dogs across India carrying rabies. Dogs are the main source of rabies in humans in India, they are responsible for 95% of rabies deaths (Markandya et al., 2008).